The 2024 edition of the bestselling Handbook series includes the complete testable materials from Life in the United Kingdom: A guide for new residents, the official Home Office materials. Passing the Life in the UK test is a compulsory requirement for anyone wanting to live permanently in Britain or become a British citizen. This practical study guide makes preparing for the test a lot easier. The new edition includes:  Up-to-date advice on specific question formats and clear advice on how to avoid common mistakes Focus points to help target your studies. Clear and easy to understand diagrams illustrating complex topics. Helpful advice from successful students and FAQs. The 2023 edition includes advice on what to study and unique study aids. Our updated appendices help students develop the comprehensive understanding they will need to pass the test. This book offers detailed advice on the types of questions you will be asked in the official test. Purchasers also get a free subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net, along with up-to-date news and information. This book provides students with everything required to help them pass their test with confidence.  The latest official materials Expert and independent study advice A FREE subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net

Featuring more than 475 questions based on Life in the United Kingdom: A guide for new residents, the official Home Office materials, Life in the UK Test: Practice Questions 2024 is the ideal study companion for anyone taking the Life in the UK test. Passing the Life in the UK test is a compulsory requirement for anyone wanting to live permanently in Britain or become a British citizen. This practical study aide makes preparing for the test a lot easier. This 2024 edition features practice tests completely revised from 2023 based on direct experience and extensive customer feedback. This means every question has been checked against official samples and formats for accuracy, and the book features formats and questions seen in the official test. This book gives students access to practice questions which are just like the real test. Students also get a free subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net, along with up-to-date news and information. 1. 20 complete practice tests, fully revised based on direct experience and customer feedback  2. Updated advice on what to study and what the questions will be like  3. A free subscription for online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net  Complete study materials are available in the companion titles Life in the UK Test: Study Guide 2024 and Life in the UK Test: Handbook 2024.

The 2024 edition of the best-selling study guide includes the complete testable materials from Life in the United Kingdom: A guide for new residents, the official Home Office materials. Passing the Life in the UK test is a compulsory requirement for anyone wanting to live permanently in Britain or become a British citizen. This practical study guide makes preparing for the test a lot easier. The new edition includes:     Updated advice on specific question formats and clear advice on how to avoid common mistakes Focus points to help target your studies Completely revised  practice tests, based on customer feedback and the direct experience of our editors. This means we offer accurate and up-to-date advice on what the test is really like Clear and easy to understand diagrams illustrating complex topics Helpful advice from successful students and FAQs. The 2023 edition includes advice on what to study, the kinds of questions to expect and unique study aids. Our study aids help students develop the comprehensive understanding they will need to pass the test. This book offers detailed advice on the types of question you will be asked in the official test. Purchasers also get a free subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net, along with up-to-date news and information. This book provides students with everything they need to help them pass their test with confidence.  The latest official materials Expert and independent study advice Practice questions, including a FREE subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net

Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith's canonical book on political science turned conventional wisdom on its head. They started from a single assertion: leaders do whatever keeps them in power. They don't care about the "national interest"-or even their subjects-unless they must. Newly updated to reflect the global rise of authoritarianism, this clever and accessible book illustrates how leaders amass and retain power. As Bueno de Mesquita and Smith show, democracy is essentially just a convenient fiction. Governments do not differ in kind, but only in the number of essential supporters or backs that need scratching. The size of this group determines almost everything about politics: what leaders can get away with, and the quality of life or misery under them. And it is also the key to returning power to the people.

Endogenous election timing allows leaders to schedule elections 'when the time is right'. The author proposes and tests an informational theory of endogenous election timing that explains when leaders call for elections and the consequences of their decisions. In particular, he argues that, if all else is equal, leaders announce elections when they anticipate a decline in their future performance. As a consequence, early elections signal a leader's lack of confidence in future outcomes. The earlier elections occur, relative to expectations, the stronger the signal of demise. Using data on British parliaments since 1945, the author tests hypotheses related to timing of elections, electoral support and subsequent economic performance. Leaders who call elections early (relative to expectations) experience a decline in their popular support relative to pre-announcement levels, experience worse post-electoral performance, and have shorter campaigns.

Endogenous election timing allows leaders to schedule elections 'when the time is right'. The author proposes and tests an informational theory of endogenous election timing that explains when leaders call for elections and the consequences of their decisions. In particular, he argues that, if all else is equal, leaders announce elections when they anticipate a decline in their future performance. As a consequence, early elections signal a leader's lack of confidence in future outcomes. The earlier elections occur, relative to expectations, the stronger the signal of demise. Using data on British parliaments since 1945, the author tests hypotheses related to timing of elections, electoral support and subsequent economic performance. Leaders who call elections early (relative to expectations) experience a decline in their popular support relative to pre-announcement levels, experience worse post-electoral performance, and have shorter campaigns.

The 2020 edition of the best-selling series includes the complete testable materials from Life in the United Kingdom: A guide for new residents, the official Home Office materials. Passing the Life in the UK test is a compulsory requirement for anyone wanting to live permanently in Britain or become a British citizen. This practical study guide makes preparing for the test a lot easier. The new edition includes:  A new foreword from Professor Thom Brooks, a leading expert on British citizenship. Updated advice on specific question formats and clear advice on how to avoid common mistakes. Focus points to help target your studies. Completely revised and expanded practice tests, based on customer feedback and the direct experience of our editors. This means we offer accurate and up-to-date advice on what the test is really like. Clear and easy to understand diagrams illustrating complex topics. Key advice from successful students and FAQs. The 2020 edition includes advice on what to study, the kinds of questions to expect and unique study aids. Our appendices help students develop the comprehensive understanding they will need to pass the test. This book offers detailed advice on the types of question you will be asked in the official test. Purchasers also get a free subscription to online practice tests at www.lifeintheuk.net, along with up-to-date news and information. This book provides students with everything required to help them pass their test with confidence.  The latest official materials Expert and independent study advice Practice questions, including a FREE subscription to www.lifeintheuk.net

When the United States invaded Iraq, President Bush made it clear: the U.S. was not fighting the Iraqi people. Rather, all quarrels were solely with Iraq's leadership. This kind of assertion remains frequent in foreign affairs--sanctions or military actions are imposed on a nation not because of its people, but because of its misguided leaders. Although the distinction might seem pedantic since the people suffer regardless, "Punishing the Prince" reveals how targeting individual leaders for punishment rather than the nations they represent creates incentives for cooperation between nations and leaves room for future relations with pariah states.

"Punishing the Prince" demonstrates that theories of leader punishment explain a great deal about international behavior and interstate relations. The book examines the impact that domestic political institutions have on whether citizens hold their leaders accountable for international commitments and shows that the degrees to which citizens are able to remove leaders shape the dynamics of interstate relations and leader turnover. Through analyses of sovereign debt, international trade, sanctions, and crisis bargaining, Fiona McGillivray and Alastair Smith also uncover striking differences in patterns of relations between democratic and autocratic states. Bringing together a vast body of information, "Punishing the Prince" offers new ways of thinking about international relations.

This volume presents peer-reviewed versions of papers presented at the 14th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop (NCPW14), which took place in July 2014 at Lancaster University, UK. The workshop draws international attendees from the cutting edge of interdisciplinary research in psychology, computational modeling, artificial intelligence and psychology, and aims to drive forward our understanding of the mechanisms underlying a range of cognitive processes.

This collection brings together the major papers in the field of Perception. This is a rich area, both in terms of history, and the breadth of the subject, which covers all five sensory modalities. The articles included range from recent influential reviews to introduce an area and historical and classic material to leading-edge recent work which may challenge accepted practice. The aim is to provide a feel for the dynamism of the field - this is often illustrated by major debates between various positions. Perception begins with an introduction by the editors. Tom Troscianko has been Executive Editor of the journal Perception for twenty years, and has published widely in the area. Alastair Smith is a researcher who has published influential papers and whose interests lie at the intersection of several of the sets making up this work. The introductory chapter serves as a navigation guide through the rest of the collection, and summarises the major debates and advances from what was, initially, a topic within philosophy through to the present neuroscientific basis of the field. Volumes One and Two focuses on visual perception as vision is the most widely-researched modality, and these volumes include classic readings on the topic, from the perception of form, colour, and motion, to the grouping of these elements to facilitate the recognition. Volume Three covers hearing and touch; papers on hearing cover basic perception of acoustic signals, typified by the fundamental research carried out by Bell Laboratories, and continue this through to work by Bregman that describes auditory stream segregation and auditory illusions. Touch is represented by research on low-level perception of physical stimuli through to the feeling of pain. Volume Four looks the chemical senses of taste and smell - two closely-related systems. Furthermore, this volume illustrates how theorists have characterised the integration of perceptual systems, and how they interact in the multi-modal world. This major work will prove to be a valuable resource for scholars in Psychology and related disciplines who wish to access this body of knowledge.

CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2004 and Winner of the 2004 Best Book Award presented by the Conflict Processes section of the American Political Science Association (APSA) The authors of this ambitious book address a fundamental political question: why are leaders who produce peace and prosperity turned out of office while those who preside over corruption, war, and misery endure? Considering this political puzzle, they also answer the related economic question of why some countries experience successful economic development and others do not. The authors construct a provocative theory on the selection of leaders and present specific formal models from which their central claims can be deduced. They show how political leaders allocate resources and how institutions for selecting leaders create incentives for leaders to pursue good and bad public policy. They also extend the model to explain the consequences of war on political survival. Throughout the book, they provide illustrations from history, ranging from ancient Sparta to Vichy France, and test the model against statistics gathered from cross-national data. The authors explain the political intuition underlying their theory in nontechnical language, reserving formal proofs for chapter appendixes. They conclude by presenting policy prescriptions based on what has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically.